Artificial intelligence and digital technologies are reshaping sustainable freight transport. As road freight transport remains a major source of global carbon dioxide emissions, the transition to green logistics is essential. This paper examines how artificial intelligence and Internet of Things technologies can improve the operational efficiency of electric and gas-powered truck fleets through energy optimisation, emission reduction and data-driven decision support. The study applies an integrative qualitative multi-source research design combining a structured literature review, policy document analysis and documentary corporate case analysis. The analysis further examines how European Union policy initiatives, including the European Green Deal, the Fit for 55 package and the Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy, shape innovation in the logistics sector. The findings suggest that AI-supported logistics optimisation can improve fleet utilisation, reduce empty runs and support the operational integration of low-emission trucks. At the same time, organisational, technological and infrastructural barriers continue to constrain large-scale implementation. The study contributes an integrated analytical framework linking technological innovation, logistics operations and European transport policy within the concept of smart green logistics.

This summary explains how artificial intelligence (AI) — computer systems that help people analyse data and make better decisions — can support greener freight transport. The study looks at how AI can improve the use of electric and gas-powered truck fleets by helping companies plan routes, manage energy use, forecast demand, and reduce unnecessary trips. It also reviews how European transport policies encourage this shift. The research matters because freight transport creates high carbon emissions, and cleaner trucks alone are not enough. Companies also need smarter planning tools to use these vehicles efficiently and to make investments pay off. The key takeaway is that AI is not a green solution on its own. Its value lies in helping logistics companies use low-emission trucks more effectively, cut empty runs, improve fleet use, and support maintenance planning. At the same time, limited infrastructure, data quality issues, and organisational readiness still slow wider adoption.